Treccani History of Science
The science in ancient Greece and Rome
A1 – Science in Greek philosophy
Edited by Geoffrey E.R. Lloyd, Giuseppe Cambiano
Science in Greco-Roman antiquity
• 1. The recovery of the past
• 2. Methodological issues
• 3. Pluralism and the problem of origins and periods
• 4. The knowledge of Nature and its justification: reason and observation
• 5. The institutions: rivalry between groups and between individuals
• 6. Ancient Greco-Roman science recontextualized
Science in Greece and the Orient
• 1. Greek testimonies
• 2. Documents
• 3. Mesopotamian and Egyptian influences
• 4. Babylonian mathematics and Pythagorean mathematics
• 5. Babylonian astronomy and Greek astronomy
• 6. Egyptian medicine and Greek medicine
• 7. From the “barbarian” sciences to Greek science
Cults, religion, society, and science in Greece prior to the Academy
• 1. From mýthos to lógos
• 2. The pólis and the cognition of human values
• 3. Traditions and innovations in the religious sphere
• 4. Eusébeia and moral life
• 5. Cosmology and eschatology
• 6. Divination and mystéria
• 7. Sophoí and philósophoi
• 8. The discovery of kósmos
• 9. Science and religion in the Etruscan world
• 10. Original religious thought and primitive cosmology
• 11. Oriental influences and the etrusca disciplina
• 12. The Hellenization of religious and scientific thought
Interrelations and interactions among scientists and in Greek science
• 1. Global knowledge and distinctions between disciplines
• 2. Methods of transmission of knowledge
• 3. Scientific knowledge and its audience
• 4. Relations between scientific disciplines
The historiography of science and the doxographical tradition
• 1. The attitude of ancient scientists toward the past of their own subject
• 2. Literary representations of the (intellectual) past
• 3. “Science” and “philosophy”
• 4. Schools of thought
• 5. Cultural history and the literature “on discoveries”
• 6. Doxography and the discussion of predecessors’ views
• 7. Developments in medicine
• 8. Mathematics and mechanics
The institutions and the organization of science
• 1. Scientific institutions in the Hellenistic monarchies
• 2. Royal patronage and scientific disciplines
• 3. Aspects of scientific activity: cooperation, competition, and interdisciplinarity
• 4. Circulation, loss, and preservation of scientific literature
Natural philosophy between the 6th and 5th centuries
• 1. Methodological problems
• 2. The doxographic sources and Aristotle
• 3. Aristotle and the cosmological corpus of the Milesians
• 4. The effects of Aristotle’s schemes
• 5. Aristotle’s program: recovering a natural horizon
• 6. The impact of the naturalistic theories of the minimum components
• 7. A thorny issue: the autómaton
Platonic science
• 1. Reality, knowledge, speech
• 2. Knowledge
• 3. The Platonic legacy and the Academy
Aristotle
• 1. The return to pre-Socratic naturalism in lost works
• 2. The theory of science
• 3. Physics as a science of Nature in general
• 4. Cosmology, meteorology, and the study of terrestrial bodies
• 5. The study of living Nature
• 6. Mechanical problems and musical problems
• 7. The establishment of the Lyceum and the dissemination of Aristotelian writings
Aristotle’s school
• 1. Aristotle, the foundation of the Lyceum, and the enquiry into Nature
• 2. Theophrastus
• 3. Strato of Lampsacus
• 4. The fate and effects of Aristotle’s school
• 5. Conclusion
Epistemology and theories of Nature in the Hellenistic age
• 1. Hellenistic philosophy
• 2. Stoicism
• 3. Epicureanism
• 4. Philodemus, On Signs
• 5. Epilogue