The second Scientific Revolution

Chapter 16

Agencies and authorities of science

Lewis Pyenson

• 1. Among the belligerents of the Great war

• 2. On the periphery

• 3. The academy in industry and the industrial academy

Chapter 17

Social responsibility

Alexei Kojevnikov

• 1. (Inter)nationalism

• 2. Degeneration

• 3. Revolution

• 4. Responsibility

• 5. Refugees

Chapter 18

Tools of the trade

Per F. Dahl

• 1. Basic devices

• 2. Electrical equipment

• 3. Other equipment

Chapter 19

Institutions and military affairs

Timothy Moy

• 1. The old world

• 2. The new world

• 3. Total war

Chapter 20

Finishing old business

Helge Kragh

• 1. General relativity and cosmology

• 2. Nuclei and particles

• 3. Quantum mechanics as solution and puzzle

• 4. Interpretation and philosophy

• 5. Quantum chemistry

Chapter 21

Physics and philosophy of science at the dawn of the 20th century

Don Howard

• 1. Disciplinary symbiosis

• 2. Hermann von Helmholtz; the return to Kant and the birth of scientific philosophy

• 3. Positivism, energetics and the reality of atoms

• 4. Duhem, Poincaré and conventionalism

• 5. The Vienna Circle, scientific philosophy and logical empiricism

• 6. Philosophy and physics in the work of Albert Einstein

• 7. Conclusions: the physicist-philosopher

Chapter 22

Enrico Fermi: from quantum statistics to beta decay

Niccolò Guicciardini

• 1. Fermi-Dirac statistics

• 2. Nuclear models

• 3. Fermi's theory of beta-decay

• 4. Artificial radioactivity

Chapter 23

Solid-state physics

Spencer R. Weart

• 1. A New Field of Physics

• 2. The study of solids and quantum mechanics

• 3. The years of the Second World War and the postwar period

Chapter 24

New areas of investigation of chemistry

Carsten Reinhardt

• 1. Reform: physical-organic chemistry

• 2. Displacement: Colloid versus polymer chemistry

• 3. Establishment: Biochemistry

• 4. Extent: Nuclear, geo- and cosmochemistry

• 5. Mechanization: New instruments

Chapter 25

Macrophysics

Theodore Feldman

• 1. Meteorology

• 2. Oceanography

• 3. Geology

Chapter 26

Synthetics

Anthony S. Travis

• 1. Research in industry

• 2. Petroleum products and petrochemicals

• 3. Sulfa drugs

• 4. High pressure processes

• 5. Synthetic plastics, resins and rubber

Chapter 27

Electronics and computing

Jon Agar

• 1. Electronics

• 2. Computing

Chapter 28

World war II (Revised)

Daniel J. Kevles

• 1. The Allies

• 2. The Axis powers

• 3. The atomic bomb